How to carry out running-off
Running-off is carried out by using a high-flow-rate pump at the start and then lowering the flow rate as the draining slows. The system is connected to the vat's racking-off valve to avoid collecting the coarse lees in the free-run wine.
When the flow is low and there is still air in the vat, it is possible to let the vat drain for a while before resuming pumping. The marc contains wine which will naturally descend to the bottom of the vat. In some cases, there can be 12 hours between the two pumpings when the draining begins in the evening prior to pressing. The wine from the second pumping is then blended with the free-run wine.