The previous questions have helped decide whether the plot should be trellised or not, the correct density to plant as well as the canopy structure. Based on these decisions, the most suitable pruning type can be chosen.
1.5.3.c What pruning type is best adapted to the chosen trellising system?
What do current regulations stipulate?
Often, appellation rules dictate one or multiple pruning styles. This of course sets a framework, but variants are possible that meet our production objectives.
In Vosne-Romanée, the production specifications are somewhat flexible, with many different types of spur pruning (Royat pruning, bilateral cordon, goblet pruning, fan pruning) and cane pruning (simple guyot) authorised.
Inversely, in Pauilllac, only two types of pruning are allowed: bilateral cordon or fan pruning and double Guyot.
What should the row spacing be between the vines?
If space is limited, it would be best to use shorter pruning techniques to avoid having too many branches crossover. If there is ample space, there is a larger range of possible pruning types.
What is the fertility of the chosen varietal?
For each varietal, bud formation is more or less effective depending on their branch position. For example, in the case of Cabernet Franc, the first buds produce less fruit. Consequently, it is best to use longer pruning styles, such as Guyot.
Pinot noir and Merlot have more fruit-producing buds at the base of their canes. A Royat cordon pruning style can therefore be a good solution, in addition to other long pruning types.
The underlying question you have to ask yourself is what yield do I want to obtain? A short pruning method used on less-productive varietals with buds close to the base is an option, though there may be a lower yield. For a high-density plot, this is not necessarily problematic.
What is the desired canopy type?
The pruning must be coherent with the structure of the canopy that is desired.
A classic goblet type (with 5 canes) for example, is poorly suited to a collective trellis system. An archet pruning type or “U” shape (with a spur and a cane with three eyes) is not ideal if there is a lot of space left between each vine. If we do as such, there will be holes in the canopy. Both of these pruning types would work well with a supporting stake.
Cordon and Guyot pruning types are well adapted to a standard collective trellis system.
Conclusion : To determine the most suitable pruning type, it is important to take into consideration three factors: plant density, canopy structure and varietal fertility.